The Durand Cup, Indian football's premier football tournament is named after Mortimer Durand, a British civil servant. So is the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan, the Durand Line.
In Sanskrit literature and particularly in the Manu Smriti, the region between the Himalayas and the Vindhyas was known as आर्यावर्त (Āryāvarta), the abode of the Aryans.
Dum-dums are bullets which are designed to expand upon impact. They are so called because they were first produced by the British Indian Army at the Dum Dum arsenal in Calcutta.
Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini used Hindi as his pen name when he composed ghazals. His grandfather, Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi, emigrated from India to Khomein in Iran in the 1830s.
The family name of the Nehru family is actually Kaul. A Kashmiri ancestor of Jawaharlal Nehru named Raj Kaul came to be called Raj Kaul Nehru as his jagir was situated along the banks of a canal (a Nahar). The Kaul was later dropped.
The name of the Anaconda, one of the most impressive snakes in the world, is said have its origins in Tamil where Anaikondran translates to something along the lines of elephant killer.