etymology

Hugh Falconer, a 19th century Scottish palaeontologist, named a species of extinct elephant-like creatures Dinotherium pentapotamiae which, translated from Greek means "terrible beast [of the] five rivers". The pentapotamiae (penta = five, potamiae = rivers) is a translation of Punjab (panj/panch = five, ab = river/water) which is where the fossils were found.

The name of the gemstone, beryl, probably originates from the Prakrit veruliya and Sanskrit vaidurya- which might be of Dravidian provenance. One theory points its source to the city of Velur (modern Belur, Karnataka). Derivatives such as brilliant and beryllium share these origins.

Gondwanaland, the Pangaean supercontinent that existed millions of years ago is named after Gondwana, a region in Central India. Gondwana comes from the Sanskrit goṇḍavana or the forest of the Gonds, a tribe spread across the area.

The word saffron, a colour often associated with Hinduism, is believed to have its root in the Arabic word, az-za'faran which is itself of unknown origin.

The name crocus, for the flowering plant and source of saffron, is very likely ultimately descended from Sanskrit kunkumam (कुङ्कुमं) by way of 'Semitic', Arabic, and Greek.

A tea-poy has very little to do with tea. It was originally the name for an Indian three-footed, i.e., a tī-pāī table which could be used for many things including serving tea.

The word for key in many Indian languages is a variant of chavi (चाबी in Hindi, চাবি in Bengali, चावी in Marathi, சாவி in Tamil, etc.) which comes from the Portuguese word for key, chave.

Chandragupta hailed from a family or tribe of peacock (mayura/मयूर in Sanskrit) tamers whence came his practical surname of Maurya.

Jahanpanah, a title used to address Mughal emperors, is Persian for Refuge of the World. It was earlier the name of a city in the Delhi Sultanate, established by Muhammad bin Tughlaq.